C02

Among the ancient Mesoamerican complex societies that originated independently in the New World, we aim to complete a 3D map of the ceremonial centers in the Oaxaca region, centered on Monte Alban, one of the oldest mountaintop cities. We analyze the related data to construct an innovative evolutionary model. We carry out ground truthing survey collecting surface materials and confirming landscape features and architectural and sculptural data in Monte Alban-Atzompa areas, where LiDAR mapping was conducted by the preceding Integrative Human Historical Science of "Out of Eurasia" project. Completing the first 3D map of the entire cityscape zone we try to reconstruct the process of creation, transformation, and collapse of the central complex of the ancient state represented by the ceremonial and palace-type facilities. Data from planned cities and monumental architecture will be analyzed, and archaeo-astronomical programs will be applied to detect the embodied celestial and spatiotemporal cognition, worldview, calendars, mathematics, and writing system controlled by the leading group. Furthermore, by recording and analyzing stone carvings, murals, and iconography incorporated into the architecture, we will conduct empirical research on the mechanisms -- people, materials, knowledge systems, and technological innovations -- that contributed to the formation of ancient cities and divine rulership.